Human Nature and War

Human Nature and War Human Nature and War All human history and its prehistory are riddled with wars. People always fought with each other and they still continue fighting. There is even a point of view - and it is reasonable - that the human species are children of war. In this regard, the following questions emerge: firstly, does war deepen some human needs psychological, social, etc. If not, then how can we explain war constant reproducibility and vitality? Secondly, can a man live without war? We finally got to the point where war threatens the very existence of humans as species. Is there a chance that the humanity will be able to eliminate this aspect of their life, like war, and armed violence more realistically and largely? If we answer this question negatively, does it mean that mankind is doomed to self-destruction? If we answer yes, and a person can live without war, then, what are the conditions and mechanisms to eliminate violence from human arena? Consequently, theoreticians, practitioners and educators questi on such issues since they become more and more urgent. A man always was, is, and probably will be aggressive. It seems clear and indisputable. There were opposing, sometimes mutually exclusive views on its causes, nature, drivers of creation and manifestation. Today, there are diverse theories of aggressive behavior. Among these theories, of course, we should mention the theories of Freud, Lorenz, Fromm, etc. All aggression theories should be classified into four main categories: 1) innate impulse, 2) external stimuli (frustration theory), 3) cognitive processes, and 4) social manifestation (Lorenz, 1937). This paper is focused on two approaches: the first and third ones. The first category is based on the fact that aggressiveness is seen as an innate instinctive form of behavior. In other words, aggression is manifested because it is genetically programmed. Consequently, any, even the most positive changes in social environment, cannot prevent its manifestation. The third group tak es into account such aspects of human experience as cognitive and emotional activities. Proponents of these theories assert control over aggression as control of behavior by a simple teaching of people who really think of the potential risks to adequately assess the threatening situation. So, according to two opposing sides (human nature theorists and cognitive theorists), violence and war can be either innate in a human being or it can be eliminated by different approaches and teachings. The inner essence of a person stems from an animal beginning which is forced to survive amongst other animals. It is well known that only the strong ones survive, when the weak ones die sooner. However, not only due to their physique muscle strength, speed legs, acute teeth, jaw strength or flexibility of the body they can survive, but due to physical force embodied in their internal energy, inner power, which determines an individual way of perceiving the environment (Axson, 1935). This is the power of aggression, an instinct of aggression. A human need to label everything what makes him (a man) to disclose this instinct, put in a specific content. Moreover, the fact that a person invests in this concept is determined solely by subjective motives, needs, experiences and, in the end, moral and ethical attitudes and values, worked out in the course of human evolution of species. Here is an apparent contradiction that is manifested in the fact that nature cannot be moral, good or bad , beautiful or not, etc. Nature is what it is. The fact that there is today existed yesterday and will exist tomorrow. Ethical categories are the product of man. And only people believe that something is beautiful and something is ugly. Depending on what kind of image perception of aggression occurs in humans, it is called to determine its appropriate moral and ethical categories and concepts. According to human nature theorists, men and animals are fundamentally the same in nature. However, it is a special animal with such characteristics, aimed at deceiving oneself and others that he is not an animal. What is so special? It seems that a human is the only animal that is able to create an ideal and strive for it. Still, in its quest to get closer to the ideal a human is ready to break anything due to his/her biological (animal) nature, transforming under the influence of the social nature which is still dominant. Basic instinct (force) in humans, despite their social evolution, remains to be the instinct of aggression, covered with a social blanket certain norms, attitudes, rules and values. Does not this explain a human desire for the creation of so-called cyborgs (cybernetic organisms), which fundamentally devoid man's inmost feelings, frustrations and feelings (Wilson, 1913)? Thus, people may solve the problem of whiners and moralists, taking the path of formation of a God-man (Ford et al., 1965). When a biological animal man transformed into a social animal man, his aggressiveness has also acquired the relevant social forms. No animal kills more than it needs, no animal kills for fun, and no animal is improving its ability and opportunity to kill. The only animal that has it all is a man. However, he is the one who is looking for and trying to find reasons and justification for his aggressive behavior, thinking of all the isms and acting solely on behalf of the majority (a family, a group, a tribe, a nation, and a world community). He is the one who kills his own kind in order to achieve his goals and intentions. In nature, this phenomenon is one of casuistic, as even the most rapacious and ferocious animal is content with its flight opponent. A man kills far more than he needs. While even bloodthirsty jackals and hyenas are content which what they get as remains from the royal lion table, knowing the measure of all things. A human being is the one who destroys and kills with no need. Finally, he is the one who kills for pleasure. Aggressiveness of a man is manifested in the form of an animal-biological level of a individual (a murder) or a team (a conflict, a war) and in the form of a socialized, appearing in the social-psychological and other human relations (harassment, pressure, restrictions, threats, neglect, and etc.). A man, as noted above, destroys and kills his own kind (of course, we mean not only a purely physical destruction), far more than he needs, but only as much as he needs to eliminate the bulk and subordination to implement his internal motivation and instincts. Aggressiveness of a man requires the application of an object; otherwise, it cannot occur, which may result in destructive manifestations of an individual (Eysenck Kahan, 2004). One of the points of view of modern psychology regards aggressiveness as a relatively stable personality trait. Sensitivity, being biologically determined, in a human environment is subjected to certain modifications and is defined as the degree of socialization and ethno cultural norms, requirements, and installations. However, regardless of how long a whale can be swimming in the deep sea, it is still cannot become a fish. So, in the end, it floats to the surface of the water to carry a life-saving breath of air. Similarly, despite the fact how socialized a person may become, a man cannot run away from his biological nature, given huge and sustained strength of aggression (Eissler, 2005). As a result, what are the internal forces of aggression? From theorists point of view, at the very beginning of the person`s formation such traits were based on the need to survive among the fittest and more powerful animals. Subsequently, solving these problems, aggression could not disappear as it was acquired as an environmentally sensible sign. It changed its vector and transformed into forces of envy and hatred, the mechanisms and motor of a modern man` aggression. These forces were posed to human images of the external world by themselves and were developed under the influence of the environment, as a man himself acts in accordance with these images. Depending on the severity and intensity of these forces, and under their influence, the perception of the environment (mostly, of course, social media) and all its intertwined elements lost resemblance to the reality. Each person does what dictates his personal perception of images, a refracted through from the above noted environm ent. These two forces (envy and hatred) can be called differently ambitions, self-centeredness, lust for power, but one can also add sadism, narcissism, etc. The essence still does not change. Despite the consistency of instintivist theories, the theory that presumes that aggression originates from causing, defined as not an instinctive motivational force that results from the deprivation of any significant body of things or conditions, and increasing as a result of this kind of deprivation becomes more and more widespread and gains recognition (Lorenz, 1937). Among these theories, the most widespread theory of aggression and frustration was proposed by Dollard J. et al. (1939). However, it should be noted that the theory of Dollard and collaborators have a precursor in the form of the McDougall`s concept (Bailey, 1974). Among the twelve basic instincts this author pointed out aggressiveness. He defined aggression as a predisposition to anger, resentment and violent elimination of any interference or obstacles that prevent the free exercise of any other trends (Bailey, 1974). The essence of Dollard and collaborators` study is simple and lies in the fact that frustration always leads to some form of aggression, and aggression is always the result of frustration. This theory is based on two assumptions: 1) aggression is always the result and consequence of frustration, 2) frustration always leads to aggression (Ford et al., 1965). However, subsequent studies have not confirmed these two postulates, and found that the relationship was not alw ays straight and simple. It can be argued that frustration may contribute to aggression. However, it does not always occur, and not so often. Mostly, frustration causes aggression, especially among those who have learned the habit of reacting to frustration with aggressive behavior. In terms of Miller (Bailey, 1974), it is correct that frustration generates different behaviors and aggression is the result of many factors, other than frustration. The other aspect is the theoretical work, which is a synthesis of the theories of learning and cognitive theories and behavior (including aggression). First of all, it presents the attractiveness of the expected consequences of actions. Cognitive models of aggression emphasize the emotional and cognitive processes in aggressive behavior. In particular, in terms of Berkowitz (Eisenberg, 2005), frustration or other aggressive stimuli (pain, discomfort, unpleasant odors, etc.) are subjected to cognitive processing and provoke aggressive reactions by forming a negative effect. That is why aggression arises insofar as forming a backlash. Zillman (Daniels, 1946) argued that the knowledge and arousal are closely interrelated, and they affect each other throughout the process of the experience, which brings suffering. He argued that the interpretation of the events can affect the degree of excitation. Cognitive theories are quite optimistic in terms of the ability to control aggression, beca use they assume that a person can learn to be less aggressive. However, on the other hand, the authors of these theories do not exclude the possibility of impulsive aggression which is not subjected to the consciousness and mind. In continuation to these two opposing theories, there is a practical side where people need to face aggression and violence every day, regardless of its origins. Soldiers of Consciousness is a documentary about people who participated in the war actions in Iraq (Soldiers of Conscience, 2012). It reveals a hideous truth about what people feel and how they react to different things. For now, a number of American universities are looking at the possibility of more powerful and safe treatment for one of the most difficult and, alas, common neuropsychiatric disorders - post-traumatic stress disorder which is common in returning soldiers. In fact, the basis of this disease lies in aggression and destruction which people need to cause. This disease is brought on by very high stress levels. What is more, the starting age seems to be not less rich in wars, especially when now one considers that a failed assassination attempt against one man is declared as sufficient grounds to launch a new wa r, the consequences of which no one can predict. With all that, people have begun to realize that a man who once took part in a fighting is its prisoner forever. For a former soldier it is very hard to stop being a soldier, even at the end of his life (Soldiers of Conscience, 2012). , One cannot stay in the environment of blood, death, and enemy until the end of his days. The worst moment falls for those who were forced to commit acts of war against any civilian population, for example, to shoot at unarmed civilians, who covered an enemy. So, the soldiers` choice is quite limited: either to destroy tens, perhaps hundreds of civilians with enemies hiding behind them, trying not to make them use chemical weapons, either to cause even larger disasters (Fuller et al., 1994). By the way, Dr. Cass found that before the last war in Iraq, the U.S. Marines were subjected to special desensitizing training, so that they could safely hear screams of a woman being raped in the next room and with out being involved (Soldiers of Conscience, 2012). According to Dr. Cass, it shaped the personality`s destruction. So, as in the case of the medicine of fear, the situation resembles the scales, where on one side there are people who suffer from post-traumatic disorders, on the other the danger of universal soldiers, murderers, devoid of moral restraints (Fuller, 1994). They know that in their pocket there is a pill which will solve all their conscience and painful memories` problems. The film Soldiers of Consciousness reveals that soldiers are taught to kill and be ruthless; their aggression is generated by the state (Woodrow, Stoessinger, 1913). Already in the 19-20th centuries, there were thinkers who raised the issue of the new philosophy, like Hegel, Nietzsche, and Freud and Lorenz (Lorenz, 1937). They searched not for a substantive cause of violence, but for functional one. Wars, as it seemed, were responsible for some deep social and psychological needs, so war as a phenomenon was difficult to diminish (Freaud, 1896). Lorenz underlined that aggression was spontaneous, and it was associated with the underlying needs, so any real actions to prevent or end a war will be ineffective (Lorenz, 1937). Aggression is eternal, like energy or matter. It takes many forms, and it comes in the form of a hidden agenda, in the form of painful fantasies of destruction and violence (Tinbergen et al., 1963). It affects the state, ethnic groups, generations and may suddenly wake up in a one year-old child. Aggression makes its inevitable cycle in nature: a chief is yelling at a subordinate, he plucks evil on his wife, she on a child, the child kicks a dog, and the dog rushes to the chief and bites him. So, the circle is a comic cartoon (Pinker et al., 1991). Energy approach was formulated by Sigmund Freud. He was impressed by the discovery of the law of conservation of energy which was then discussed in academic circles, and attached to everything that was possible. At the heart of his psychoanalytic doctrine lies that a person is an energy system in which the energy is either flowing freely or finds workarounds or is stored as the water in front of a dam. The purpose of all kinds of behavior is pleasure, that is, the reduction of stress, or the discharge of energy. The source of all motive powers lies in the unconscious subsystem, called Id. Energy necessary for human life is initially drawn from the sexual and aggressive drives of Eros and Thanatos, which form the Id. It seeks release (discharge) excitation of energy and tension (Baker et al., 1939). This facility operates in accordance with the principle of pleasure seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. That is, it makes no prohibitions or noise; it does not pay attention to reality an d can find satisfaction in both: a real action and fantasy. It wants what it wants when it wants. It is reasonable, regardless of logic, values, and morals. Interestingly,inthelatestgender(sex‑related)studiesconflictingsocialrepresentation of aggression in men and women were found. Women see aggression as a means for expressing anger and stress by releasing aggressive energy. Men, by contrast, refer to aggression as a tool for a variety of social and material rewards. Here is how Freud (2009) saw the relationship between the aggressive nature of man and culture: People are not noble, friendly creatures, eager to love, who protect themselves only when attacked; on the contrary, the fact is the strongly expressed desire for aggression is an essential part of human instincts. Culture directs this aggressive energy in a reasonable direction (military, sports), puts restrictions in the form of laws and moral norms. Then, one of two things occur either sublimation of that energy, that is, its conversion to higher aspirations, approved by a society (surgery, painting, etc.), or suppression, and constant monitoring of their behavior. The n there is civilization and its discontents (2009): excessive self-control doesnt make us quite happy, even if overall everything is satisfactory. In conclusion, it is obvious that the natural theory has more proofs and evidence which support the idea that a human being possesses animal traits and instincts, one of which is aggression. However, a human being went further: a human being is the only creature who kills regardless of what is needed; he kills for pleasure and fun. However, it is highly expected that violence is something that could be learned; thus, re-learned in a better way. Surely, in such a scenario people would have more chances to prevent and stop wars. Still, as it was depicted in Soldiers of Consciousness people can over use any technique, and teachings on violence are not exception. Nowadays some scientists implement techniques which help soldiers to get rid of moral norms and restraints. All in all, biological approach is the most evident one since it is supported by various studies and it proves that even a small child can show traits of violence and aggression. Therefore, a human inclination to wars and violence is inherent.

Effect of tax on Vietnamese hangers

Effect of tax on Vietnamese hangers Introduction The U.S. government is very clear on the affirmative final determination on antidumping duty order on steel wire garment hangers from Vietnam. Although the legislation became effective on February 5, 2013, the act was published on December 26, 2012. The products affected include steel wire garment hangers that are fabricated, galvanized, painted, coated with epoxy or latex, and those fashioned with paper covers among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of tax on Vietnamese hangers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This action was taken because the government of Vietnam had highly subsidized the manufacturing process of hangers thereby making the hangers from Vietnam cheap and affordable as compared to the products manufactured from the local market in U.S. The U.S. government felt that Vietnam was dumping her hangers in the U.S. market. Effects of the Duty Six months before the publication of t he affirmative final determination, the government had imposed temporary duties on the affected products (CNN 1). The publication of the act means that the duties of one hundred and eighty-seven percent imposed on the products are permanent from the effective date i.e. February 5, 2013. It is clear that Vietnam is the top exporter of wire hangers. However, the antidumping duties did not affect the wooden hangers that are manufactured by Vietnam in large amounts (CNN 1). The effects of the duty have already been felt in the U.S. and other parts of the world. To begin with, the duty imposed on the hangers forced the wholesale prices of the hangers to rise. Dry cleaning companies experienced a ten to fifteen percent increase in the price of the affected goods. For instance, initially, forty dollars would help a businessperson acquire five hundred hangers. However, that has changed since the same amount of money gives the businessperson half the amount of goods. The drycleaners effectiv ely passed over the same to the consumers thereby increasing the overall charge on consumers by an average margin of two percent. This has seen customers reduce the amount they spent on dry cleaning. The companies currently receive half the total revenue they used to receive due to reduced quantity of work. The sharp increase in prices has forced some dry cleaning companies to close down. This could also be attributed to the fact that some manufacturing companies have diverted their businesses to other business lines (O’Brien 57). This hurts the U.S. economy since job opportunities are lost as they are created in other markets such as Cambodia.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The people who were working in the firms have to look for work elsewhere. In the process, the government was losing revenue through taxes. High prices have ultimately reduced profits ma de by dry cleaning firms to a level of making just enough money to pay the recurrent bills and rent. When people get more income, they are likely to spend more through their disposable income or the amount kept aside for investment. The government encourages investments from the private sector. For instance, when an entrepreneur quits a government job to begin private business, the merits accrued from such an action are not enjoyed when they close down following high prices arising from government tax. The impact of the duties is clearly indicated when beneficial projects are no longer beneficial. Some dry cleaning shops have closed down yet the remaining ones do not feel the positive impact. Conclusion The analysis of this duty shows that the only winners are the foreign governments such as Cambodia who have benefited when other manufacturing companies relocated. Other countries other than the U.S. received new investors hence began to enjoy the advantages that accompanied the U.S. affirmative final determination. The other groups are all losers including the governments U.S., and Vietnam, the dry cleaning companies, the entrepreneurs, and the employees. CNN, Money. Trade penalties squeeze US dry cleaners, New York: CNN Money journal, 2012. Print. O’Brien, Hubbart, Macroeconomics, New York: Pearson Publishers, 2012. Print.

Second part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Second part - Essay Example Currently, a number of studies indicate that many employers still have this notion, and this makes them discriminate against these people when recruiting new employees. Exterior appearance is usually significant for those positions where an employee directly associates with suppliers, customers and other stakeholders. Therefore, an employer can decide not to hire a person with a tattoo for such positions with a notion that most stakeholders will consider them as members of criminal and other outlawed gangs. Therefore, this paper primarily focuses on discussing why employers should discriminate against people with tattoos at workplace. In different societies, tattoos symbolize certain cultures or events. For example, in certain cultures, tattoos portray a person’s status. This is mostly common in the western world. For instance, a person wearing a tattoo of his or her mother or father may indicate his or her love for the family. Moreover, it may also symbolize that a person belongs to a certain clan or community (Bredeson & Goree, 2012). In the 19th Century, tattoos were common phenomena among criminal and outlawed gangs, which differentiated them as anti-social members of the society who only complied with their own rules and beliefs. For example, bikers wore tattoos to indicate that they were against their society’s values and norms. In some circumstances, tattoos also affiliated a person to a given political party or religion. For example, the Catholics may wear a tattoo of a cross to signify their religious affiliation (Bredeson & Goree, 2012). Current studies, on the discrimination of people with tattoos at the workplace, have established that 40 percent of people aged between 19 to 30 years at least have a tattoo (Bredeson & Goree, 2012). These studies further indicate that 40 percent and 18 percent of people with a tattoo have more than two or more and six or more tattoos respectively (Bredeson & Goree, 2012). Therefore, this data calls for an

How Alex Fuhrman Has Filed a Case against Frederick, Hibbs, and Uvex Article

How Alex Fuhrman Has Filed a Case against Frederick, Hibbs, and Uvex Corporation - Article Example After a period of five years of Alex being in service, the corporation went public. The company built a state-of-the-art facility for cancer treatment. San Rafael was highly capitalized with highly sophisticated radiation therapy equipment. San Rafael was the best-known center due to its best services in treatment of cancer. San Rafael received research donations from generous patience, business parties, and even the public. The research group consisted of key leading scientists with doctorate degrees in biochemistry. Alex was made the administrative head of the cancer research and treatment department. In order to replace Alex a new accountant and financial manager, Christopher Hibbs was hired in West coast division. Hibbs had worked Sacramento city as a bookkeeper. He had a very good recommendation letter from his former employer and Fredrick recommended that Hibbs should be hired as a financial accountant of Uven. Hibbs wanted to make new changes in his management different from those made by Alex. He prepared and sent his financial report directly to the executive controller. Frederic found a memo from Alex stating that some funds were missing, this had happened when Alex was the financial controller. A meeting was organized whereby Alex overreacted and did not finalize into reconciliation with Hibbs. Alex filled a lawsuit. There is the lack of communication between Alex and Hibbs and that has gone to the extent where Alex has filed a case against the company, Frederick, and Hibbs. Alex thinks that Memo from Hibbs as slanderous. He is an administrator and thus he was supposed to handle this case with patience but not being emotionally uncontrollable. Because of good communication, Frederick and the executive controller did not mind asking further questions on Hibbs competence before giving him the job.  

Characters of Journeys End by R.C. Sherriff and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks Essay Example for Free

Characters of Journeys End by R.C. Sherriff and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks Essay The First World War is known to be one of the worst, if not the worst war in military history. The strategies used were often ineffective and repetitive, meaning a lack of movement and years of stalemate on the western front. Soldiers had to live in conditions which were squalid and foul, they had to deal with diseases such as trench foot and millions of rats and lice infestations. These general images of soldiers living in these fetid conditions has become widely known and linked with the huge suffering caused by the First World War. The use of literature can enable us to gain a picture of what trench warfare was really like. Journeys End a play written by R.C. Sherriff in 1928 based on his own life experiences gives a realistic image of life as a soldier in the trenches. However, the novel Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks which was not written till 2005 gives a version of what Faulks believed trench warfare to be like; it is a fictional idea based on knowledge and understanding of World War One. Also the authors chose different formats with one being a novel the other a play, thus giving them contrasting ways of conveying soldiers experiences of war. A play deals with the actions and reactions of characters using dialogue and yet a novel can go into the heads of characters, giving the reader an understanding of a persons emotions and feelings through description and narrative. The characters presented in both Journeys End and Birdsong are attempting to avoid and deal with the horrors of trench warfare in many different ways including; drinking, violence, and memories of loved ones and trying to use humour as a way of distancing themselves from the horrors facing them. Each character has to find there own way of dealing with the situation, as anyone would when faced with the constant fear of death. In both Journeys End and Birdsong we get a glimpse of what the characters Stanhope and Wraysford were like before the terror of war affected them. In Journeys End although we dont see Stanhope before the war; Sherriff cleverly uses Raleigh to give us an idea of what he was like when he was younger. We see Raleigh as this optimistic, patriotic man excited at the prospect of going into war alongside his childhood hero. His confession to Osborne that he was Keen to get out here is a representation of many patriotic soldiers at the break out of the first world war and could show us how Stanhope may have felt before the realisation of what warfare was really like. The growing sense of conflict between Stanhope and Raleigh just shows how much the war has changed Stanhope, and affected him. Not only do we see Raleigh as a young version of Stanhope but also we hear from him background information on Stanhopes life, he was skipper of Rugger at Barford, and kept wicket for the eleven. A jolly good bat, too. This is not needed in Birdsong as we gain a background on what Wraysford was like before the war in part one of the novel. Novels allow writers to add descriptive back stories through narrative rather than dialogue, we can learn about one persons perspective unlike in a play when we are unable to hear thoughts and feelings these can only be expressed through actors portraying the role. Birdsong can go into depth about the emotional effects war can have on a person, which is a tricky detail to encapsulate in a play and yet I believe R.C. Sherriff uses dialogue and the actions of each individual to show their emotional state. We can see strongly in both, just what the war can do, seeing and living in those conditions certainly would bring about change in a person however it is the way they deal with it that helps them continue on through. An easy escape for many soldiers during the war was drink. For an ordinary private on the front line getting alcohol was hard and they were only allowed a small drop before going over the top, however officers were allowed to drink (as believed responsible enough for it) and alcoholism among officers was common. Both Stanhope in Journeys End and Wraysford and Weir in Birdsong use drink as a method of getting through the horrors in front of them, She doesnt know that if I went up those steps into the front line without being doped with whisky Id go mad with fright. Drink was a way to forget, and maybe for a moment be away from the front line in their heads, although eventually become addicted not needing it for any purpose but for wanting, cast his eyes round hopefully. Stephen reluctantly pushed a bottle towards him. Drink was not the best way to deal with the situation though, it may have clouded their memories but would not have completed erase them if sleep came it was as a gift and was as likely to come after tea as after alcohol. Soldiers on the front line could turn on each other, either because of alcohol consumption or just the fact that these men were pushed together in such bad conditions. Maybe getting angry at one another would give them something other than fighting the enemy to focus on Hibbert raises his stick and strikes blindly at Stanhope. The violence shown in Journeys End could also represent the battles taking place outside, as an audience member you never get to see any conflict between the enemy and therefore Stanhopes arguments and fights with the soldiers substitutes this. The anger Stanhope feels towards Hibbert and also Raleigh, could also show us how he feels and acts in battle situations. Unlike Journeys End in Birdsong we are able to follow Stephen as he goes out into No-mans land, fighting for his life but we also get violence in the trenches too Fuck off, Weir, fuck off out of my way. The use of the word fuck is a powerful one; we can understand Wraysfords fear just through that one word, all his fear for the battle ahead builds up the tension. In Journeys End Stanhope is worried about what Raleigh would write home in his letter, I believe that maybe another matter that Stanhope uses to redirect his thoughts away from memories, it gives him something else to think about. Which again leads to more violence Dyou understand an order? Give me that letter! Despite these small areas of conflict there is a strong theme in both Journeys End and Birdsong, of comradeship. Men on the front line were often forced into forming new relationships with people and often because of this gained extraordinarily strong bonds with men they were fighting alongside with. This is shown by the example of Stanhope and Osborne, and shown to the audience in many scenes but mostly through the touching goodbye scene before the fatal raid and right at the end Stanhope and Raleigh final bond over his death, Stanhope sits with one hand on Raleighs arm they had fought together in the same battles and known what the other men had seen, they understood. In Birdsong the strong relationship between Wraysford and Weir grew throughout the novel and like many soldiers on the frontline Wraysford needed Weir for company and to help his sanity, Weir alone had made the war bearable friendships like Weirs and Wraysfords meant that soldiers could get through the war together. They did not need to be alone. Although Raleigh in Journeys End believed he needed to distance himself when Osborne dies, Raleigh who is first seen as this innocent character in the beginning of the play is opened to this horror after the death of Osborne, he now knows truly just how hard . He eats away from the officers with the other men, he finds it disrespectful that the others are eating and drinking. Maybe some may believe distancing themselves would mean when or if it came to them dying it would not be as hard. Many soldiers needed to be friends, to join together because even though loss is hard the sharing of jokes in such a situation as terrible as this one may have helped. In Journeys End many of the characters particularly Trotters main form of escapism is in making jokes about the war and the Germans I expect a nasty old Germanll cop out of it and say, Ock der Kaiser in doing this they are able to cover up their fear and make light of the situation. In Birdsong the use of comedy is more subtle, the soldiers go down to the pub and watch entertainment and laugh with each other as friends rather than making obvious jokes. Jack performing for the soldiers gave some time for the men to relax and enjoy themselves. If they could shout loud enough, they might bring the world back to its senses; they might laugh loud enough to raise the dead although raising the dead was not possible, the idea that in laughing and having as good a time as you can they could remember their losses and keep them alive in their thoughts. In Journeys End some of the soldiers liked to talk about home and familiar things like rugby and cricket to take their minds of the horrors of trench warfare. Thinking about home would help them to remember how their life was before the war; it would make them want to get out and gave them something to live for. Another thing they might think about is their girlfriends, wives or just women in general, I just prayed to come through the war and and do things and keep absolutely fit for her. Jack Firebrace wanted to survive for his family, dealt with the struggle with the belief he had his wife and child to return to His endurance was for them; the care he took to try to stay alive was so that he would see the boy again. As for Stephen he did not have a family or anyone really he wanted to go home for, he kept on fighting and wanting to survive for the men who had died before, he wanted to win, to continue for their benefit. The idea and hope that the men he had lost had not died in vain. With trench conditions as foul as they were; rats, lice and illnesses such as trench foot one thing that could keep the men going was the idea and the relief of getting food. The importance of food in Journeys End is shown by how many times the men talk about it and bring it up in general conversation. Complaining about inconsequential things like chunks of pineapple instead of apricots take their minds of the war I say, Stanhope, its a terrible business. We thought wed got a tin of pineapple chunks; it turns out to be apricots. The men on the front lines wouldnt very often have the nicest of food, and when Stanhope has to visit the Colonel and is given really expensive foods he immediately thinks of his men but he will eat the food as it is the one thing that he can gain pleasure from A thin stew followed, then ripe cheese and fresh bread. Lunch went on past three oclockStephen smiled to himself, aware that his brief flight from reality would soon be ended. Birdsong touches on the idea of religion and how this can be affected by war. Many soldiers lost their faith due to the mass slaughter or even the loss of a son at home like Jack Firebrace however Stephen seemed to gain a belief in God, the idea that nothing this cruel can be the end. He hoped that when Weir or any other Soldier died they had a better world to escape to and maybe this idea kept him going helped him deal with the death of his friends. Journeys End doesnt really touch on the mens faith or religion, however the idea of hero worshipping used by Raleigh could be linked. The belief in a God and a higher being could also be like Raleigh looking up to Stanhope I believe Raleigh will go on liking you and looking up to you through everything. Theres something very deep, and rather fine, about hero worship. Many soldiers may have used the method of positive thinking like Osborne to cover up just how scared and fearful they were I never knew the sun could rise in so many ways till I came out here. Each soldier on the front line had to choose their own way of escaping and dealing with the horrors of trench warfare. The putrid living conditions and the everyday horror of death meant that it was necessary for them to break out of the truth they were living. Many of the methods used in both Journeys End and Birdsong are similar but their methods were carried out in different ways. Others didnt use methods at all, they just didnt cope; like Hibbert in Journeys End faking an illness to get away. Each character in either Journeys End or Birdsong took on different methods of dealing with their long hardships and suffering. The true horrors of the war however could not be forgotten, the sight of death and the stench in the trenches would not be quickly removed from their thoughts. These literary texts both play and book give us, today, just a brief insight into the lives of men on the western front, the challenges faced by these men were truly horrific and just surviving must have been a hardship. No one now or then on the home front could ever know the true extent of the struggle and the effects it had both mentally and physically, If they could see the way these men live they would not believe their eyes. This is not a war; this is an exploration of how far men can be degraded.

Skipping Christmas Essay -- essays research papers

Skipping Christmas starts out at the gate in an airport. Luther and Nora Krank are there with their daughter Blair, waiting for a flight to Miami that will eventually bring her to eastern Peru, where she is going with the Peace Corps. They all say their goodbyes and the parents leave. Nora is very upset, while Luther isn’t so much. On the way home they stop at a store for white chocolate and pistachios. Luther unwillingly goes in to get it and finds every little thing a hindrance. He is easily annoyed, and doesn’t get the white chocolate. Nora then has to go in the store to get it, and she does so with much annoyance. While Nora is in the store, Luther daydreams about not having to do the Christmas season. That night, Nora was restless. She was pacing and going from room to room. She finally lay back in bed, rolling and flinching and moving, trying to get the attention of Luther so she could talk about Blair’s safety again. Luther didn’t move, and when Nora was finally asleep, he snuck out of the room to the basement office to evaluate last Christmas’s spending. He found that $6,100 was spent on Christmas. With this new information, he took a trip down to the travel agency during work the next day. He made his choice the 10 day Island Princess cruise. That night, during dinner he attacked Nora with the idea. Using brochures and spreadsheets, he showed her the facts. She finally accepted to skip Christmas, as long as she could still donate $600 to charitable donations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Later, Nora received a call from the Card Store owner, and had to tell him she was not ordering cards, but did not tell him why. Luther, the same day, was writing a letter to his colleagues, telling them that he would not be participating in the normal Christmas rituals. The next day, the boy scouts came by, selling their Christmas trees. Luther had to tell them they were skipping Christmas, and a few minutes later they found a crowd congregated at their driveway, staring up at the house. That night, Luther went for a walk. He noticed his neighbors doing what the Kranks were avoiding, and he felt good about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was lunchtime, and Nora was at lunch with two of her friends. The card man called her again, and she was forced to tell her friends about skipping Christmas, which meant everyone will know by dinner. During work, Luther wa... ...d Luther dangling painfully by his ankle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The medics came and got Luther down, and he explained to the entire watching neighborhood what they were doing. Vic Frohmeyer organized a party quickly and sent everyone to work. He sent the policeman to go get Blair, and the Kranks went inside to rest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Enrique and Blair came into the airport and were found by the police officers, who raced them home. When they got home they were greeted by the whole neighborhood. They talked to everybody and her parents were very impressed with him. Enrique received a lot of reissued gifts from the neighbors and they then went to dinner. Afterwards, they sang a few carols before Enrique and Martin, the man Nora saw in the store, sang and played guitar to a few Peruvian Christmas carols.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the Peruvian songs continued, Luther snuck out to the Scheel’s house. He gave them his cruise vacation as a Christmas present. Bev had been given six month’s by her doctor. They were overwhelmed with joy when they were given this. As Luther walked back across the street, for the first time, he was filled with the joy of Christmas.

Yahoo CEO

Daniel Loeb, a New York hedge fund manager and who owns a 5. Per cent stake In Yahoo, came out In open to share his view against the company and Scott Thompson. However, Dan Lyons at The Dally Beast supported Thompson. Yahoo was quick to call the mistake an â€Å"inadvertent errÐ’Â « but after increasing pressure the board hired an outside counsel for the investigation (Epitome J, 2012). Thompson, later on sent a memo to the employees apologizing for the scandal (Goldman D, & Epitome J, 2012) Was it appropriate for a giant like Yahoo to call the mistake an â€Å"inadvertent error†?I believe No. If you produce a zero error on your balance sheets, and In the internet services you provide o your customers then this reasoning would simply be a blunder. COOS actions were ethically irresponsible because he was breaching the trust of board of directors who had hired him, in this case, without verifying his credentials on resume. Also, socially irresponsible because there are inv estors, people who trust CEO and any such incident on his part does send a bad signal to them.There are two things to debate upon – Should Yahoo have fired Scott Thompson the moment they found out that he lied on his resume? & Was It ethical on the part of Scott Thompson, considering the session he was In, to falsely claim the degree he never received? I would particularly like to be aggressive on each of the two questions. Yes, Yahoo should have immediately fired Scott Thompson the moment the allegations were verified. In doing so, the company would have set good example of holding good morals.The CEO is the top most level in any corporate the employees look up to, in terms of role model and as a leader. Any allegations on him could set a bad tone down the ladder In the company. Falling to fire him could have sent a bad signal at the lower order of getting way with the things and who knows many more such cases might show up in the near future. According to the consequentiali ty model, the only thing that matters is the consequence of your act. The act, whether right or wrong, decides the fate of the person and of the other people who should also bear the consequences (Moldavia, M).The consequentiality model in this case did not apply to the Coo's actions. The outburst of his lie cost him his Job and also put the reputation of Yahoo at stake, however on some level It could be argued that he was trying to Improve the existing condition of Yahoo, but not for too long. Also, that did not prove positive to any of the person in the company considering his short tenure. The share prices collapsed and the company was In the limelight for the wrong reason.Also, it is not ethical on the part of any CEO to make false claims in his resume. Had Scott rectified his resume and removed the Computer Science degree from It, exactly the same way have been much different now for Yahoo. Scott, during his short tenure at Yahoo took some crucial steps of laying off 14% of the employees (Lied, M, 2012) in an effort to improve the financial condition of the company. Had he been there for a longer period, he might have raised the company's financial position and the situation would have been completely different.However, his small act of not removing the false claim from his resume proved too costly for him and in turn for Yahoo. Communitarian's theory of moral reasoning also has no application with Scott Thompson. The theory states to be true to your contracts, whether implicit or explicit, in which you willfully enter (Moldavia, M). However, in this case Scott Thompson signs in the annual report right below the line that says â€Å"This report does not contain NY untrue statement of a material fact. † (Epitome J, 2012, Pl 73) This is complete contradiction to the theory of Communitarian's.Another thing to notice is that Scott Thompson did not feel to resign from his position. Instead he sent an apology memo to all the employees (Goldman D, & Epito me J, 2012). Who knows, Yahoo might have not even accepted his resignation, owing to his future productive plans, similar to the case of Bausch & Lomb CEO Ronald Carmella, who placed his resignation, on account of false degree claims in his resume, to the board only to be later rejected and then e served another six years before retiring in 2008.

Determination of water of hydration Essay

Observation of copper sulfate No copper sulfate Light blue After heating for about 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns lighter and then into grey-white. Water released as vapor is observed from this point. After heating for another 2-3 minutes, of the powder turns into grey-white. After heating for 10 minutes, the whole part of the powder turns into grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green The whole part of the powder remains grey-white with some parts of light green * Mass of hydrated copper sulfate (g) = (46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (43.78 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * Mass of water (g) = ( 46.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) – (45.22 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.01) = 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) * General reaction: hydrate anhydrous salt + water CuSO4.xH2O CuSO4 + xH2O m 2.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) 0.86 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 (g) M 160 +18x (g/mol) 18x (g/mol) * n xH2O (mol) = n CuSO4.xH2O = = (0.86 )(160 + 18x) = )18x 160(0.86 ) + 18x(0.86 ) = )18x 160(0.86 ) = 18x(1.44 0.04) x = = = 5.3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.3 Conclusion: The value of x in CuSO4.xH2O is quite similar to the value on the label (literal value) of the hydrated copper sulfate jar (% of difference is 6%) Evaluation Limitations Effects Improvements The number of experiments carried out is not enough (Random error) If the data obtained are inaccurate; as a result, the value of x calculated will be inaccurate Do the experiment many times When cooling the crucible, water can be reformed in copper sulfate (random error) Weight of the crucible may increase Use a data logger computer to take the mass of the crucible continuously until the mass remains unchanged The flame is too strong (random error) Some copper sulfate molecules may be decomposed Keep the flame at a reasonable height and temperature

Essay on GHTH 100 Study guide

Essay on GHTH 100 Study guide Essay on GHTH 100 Study guide GHTH 100 Study guide What are the wellness dimensions? Emotional Wellness - Trust, self-confidence, optimism, satisfying relationships, and self-esteem are some of the qualities of emotional wellness. Emotional wellness is a dynamic and involves the ups and downs of living. No one can achieve an emotional "high" all the time. Emotional wellness fluctuates with your intellectual, physical, spiritual, social, and interpersonal health. Intellectual Wellness - Those who enjoy intellectual wellness constantly challenge their minds. An active mind is essential to wellness because it detects problems, finds solutions, and directs behavior. Throughout their lifetimes people who enjoy intellectual wellness never stop learning. Interpersonal Wellness - Satisfying and supportive relationships are important to physical and emotional wellness. Learning good communication skills, developing the capacity for intimacy, and cultivating a supportive network are all important to interpersonal (or social) wellness. It requires participating in and contributing to your community and society. Spiritual Wellness - To enjoy spiritual wellness is to possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to your life, especially in difficult times. The spiritually well person focuses on the positive aspects of life and finds spirituality to be an antidote for negative feelings such as cynicism, anger, and pessimism. Organized religions help many people develop spiritual health. Religion, however, is not the only source or form of spiritual wellness. Many people find meaning and purpose in their lives on their own - through nature, art meditation, or good works. Environmental wellness - is

Understanding Japanese Writing in Spirited Away

Understanding Japanese Writing in Spirited Away Hayao Miyazakis critically acclaimed movie Spirited Away (Ã¥ Æ'㠁 ¨Ã¥ Æ'Ã¥ °â€¹Ã£  ®Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã©Å¡  Ã£ â€") won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature Film at the 75th Annual Academy Awards ceremony. It tells the story of 10-year-old Chihiro, who is accidentally thrown into another dimension, a spirit world. While working at a bathhouse catering to spirits and gods, she tries to rescue her parents from a spell that transformed them into pigs. It is the highest grossing film in Japanese box-office history, surpassing Titanic. When it was shown on TV in January 2013, it had the highest audience rating ever for a movie. 46.2% of households in Japan tuned in. Reading subtitles would distract viewers from the amazing visuals, and the English dubbed version features a voice cast and translators who did their jobs with sensitivity. Although the overall atmosphere of the film endures, Spirited Away is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, so something gets lost in translation for viewers who miss out on the sounds of Japanese in the original Japanese dialogue. Understanding the Japanese language a little better can help you better appreciate certain aspects of the film. Understanding the Japanese Title The Japanese title is Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi. Sen (Ã¥ Æ') and Chihiro (Ã¥ Æ'Ã¥ °â€¹) are the names. To (㠁 ¨) is a particle which connects nouns. It translates into and. Kami (ç ¥Å¾) means god or spirit, and kakushi (éš  Ã£ â€") is the noun form of the verb kakusu (to hide). Kamikakushi (ç ¥Å¾Ã©Å¡  Ã£ â€") means hidden by spirits, hence the English wordplay of Spirited Away. How Does Chihiro Become Sen? When Chihiro is forced into slave labor at the bathhouse which Yubaba rules, she writes down her name, Ogino Chihiro (è  »Ã©â€¡Å½Ã¥ Æ'Ã¥ °â€¹) in the contract. (In Japanese the family name comes first.) Yubaba steals three characters from her name. The one character left (the third one) becomes her new name. The reading of this kanji character is sen (Ã¥ Æ') as well as chi. Translating Significant Japanese Characters The character written on the curtain at the front gate of the bathhouse is the hiragana yu. It means bath. The kanji character for yu is also seen on the chimney of the bathhouse. The bathhouse is called Aburaya (æ ² ¹Ã¥ ±â€¹). (Abura means oil, and ya is the suffix used for a store.) The kanji sign Aburaya is seen above the gate of the bathhouse. The flag on the bathhouse also has the kanji character for abura (æ ² ¹). The Theme Song, Itsumo Nandodemo Here are the lyrics of the theme song â€Å"Itsumo Nandodemo (㠁„㠁 ¤Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¤ ½â€¢Ã¥ º ¦Ã£  §Ã£â€šâ€š) for the movie. â€Å"Itsumo† means â€Å"always,† amd â€Å"nandodemo† means â€Å"any numbers of times.† å‘ ¼Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹ èÆ' ¸Ã£  ®Ã£  ©Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€¹Ã¥ ¥ ¥Ã£  §yondeiru mune no dokoka oku de 㠁„㠁 ¤Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¥ ¿Æ'è º Ã£â€šâ€¹ Ã¥ ¤ ¢Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žitsumo kokoro odoru yume o mitai 㠁‹ã  ªÃ£ â€"㠁 ¿Ã£  ¯ æ• °Ã£ Ë†Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€˜Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ©kanashimi wa kazoekirenai keredo 㠁 Ã£  ®Ã¥ â€˜Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€ Ã£  §Ã£  Ã£  £Ã£  ¨ 㠁‚㠁 ªÃ£ Å¸Ã£  «Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹sono mukou de kitto anata ni aeru ç ¹ °Ã£â€šÅ Ã¨ ¿â€Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€šÃ£â€šâ€žÃ£  ¾Ã£  ¡Ã£  ® 㠁 Ã£  ®Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ³ 㠁 ²Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¯kurikaesu ayamachi no sonotabi hito wa 㠁Ÿã   Ã© â€™Ã£ â€žÃ§ © ºÃ£  ® é â€™Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€™Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹tada aoi sora no aosa o shiru æžÅ"㠁 ¦Ã£ â€"㠁 ªÃ£   é â€œÃ£  ¯Ã§ ¶Å¡Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€˜Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ©hateshinaku michi wa tsuzuite mieru kedo 㠁“㠁 ®Ã¤ ¸ ¡Ã¦â€°â€¹Ã£  ¯ 光をæŠ ±Ã£ â€˜Ã£â€šâ€¹kono ryoute wa hikari o dakeru 㠁•ã‚ˆã  ªÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£  ®Ã£  ¨Ã£  Ã£  ® é â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ¨Æ' ¸sayonara no toki no shizukana mune ã‚ ¼Ã£Æ' ­Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£   Ã£ Å' è€ ³Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ â„¢Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹zero ni naru karada ga mimi o sumaseru 生㠁 Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦â‚¬ Ã¨ ­ ° æ ­ »Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â€žÃ£  Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦â‚¬ Ã¨ ­ °ikiteiru fushigi shindeiku fushigi èŠ ±Ã£â€šâ€šÃ© ¢ ¨Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¨ ¡â€"ã‚‚ 㠁 ¿Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£ Å Ã£  ªÃ£ Ëœhana mo kaze mo arashi mo minna onaji

Identify the key characteristics of Transaction Cost Economics Essay

Identify the key characteristics of Transaction Cost Economics - Essay Example The transaction costs can be further grouped into coordination along with motivation costs. The motivation costs are said to be comprising of opportunism along with the agency costs. The costs involved in coordination include the costs of searching, coordination of inputs along with the costs of measurement. In the real world, the transaction costs extension across multiple monetary exchanges can be achieved. To achieve these exchanges, some forms of governance frameworks are needed since they will be vital in determining the integrity’s of various transactions (McNutt, 2005). This can be accomplished adequately by using the formal along with informal frameworks to ensure that transactions are carried out in monetary manners. The notion of transaction cost economics stipulates that the other alternative forms of structures that can be utilized for organizing the economic activities are markets along with hierarchies. The concept of TCE additionally suggests that companies requ ire aligning the governance frameworks with their transactional traits. The concept of TCE disagrees with the issue of people making decisions concerning the usage of government frameworks that will maximize the costs associated with transactions. The criterion that is most basically used in organizing the transaction costs involves economizing the total costs involved in their expenses and transactions. Markets whose total costs are high can appropriately use governance frameworks such as hierarchies (Basenko, Dravone, Shanley & Schaefer, 2009). The distinct traits of transactions have been argued to be the specifying of assets, uncertainty and the frequency of the transactions occurring. The trait known as asset specificity means the degree to which investments made on transactions are special to a particular transaction. In case a transaction flops, then the investments will be deemed as below value when utilized in another way. A circumstance of this nature can easily lead to th e establishment of dependencies between the sellers along with buyers of a particular product (McNutt, 2005). This is because the buyers are tied up to the seller and cannot purchase from other sellers in the market. A partner in a transaction who only invests through specialized possessions will be more vulnerable to encounter opportunism. They will be required to carry out specialized efforts aimed at protecting their investments through the implementation, monitoring and enforcement of contractual controls (Basenko, Dravone, Shanley & Schaefer, 2009). An appropriate method of safeguarding against such problems is to apply the policies of vertical amalgamation/integration. This means that a company will have to indulge in the production of goods and services rather than purchase the already manufactured goods in the market. High levels of asset specificity imply that a company has to indulge in internally organizing their production rather than indulge in governing their markets ( Basenko, Dravone, Shanley & Schaefer, 2009). The other trait of a transaction that is known as uncertainty mainly implies that the company will or may face situations which are currently unknown. These conditions could result from different sources such as their environment and behaviors. Uncertainty that comes from the environment refers to the difficulties encountered in

Atokowa Organization Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Atokowa Organization Report - Case Study Example This followed the application of soft system model (SSM) to analyze current issues affecting Atokowa. The same was accomplished through CATWOE analysis. The study further discussed on appropriate recommendations for systems and operations managements whereby possible quality improvement strategies were provided. The TQM was identified as the best system which can improve overall quality performance of the organization. The investigation further covered on the relevant people and management issues which may come up during the implementation of new quality system in the organization. By doing so, possible ways of managing these issues were provided to support the implementation process. The study was summarized through provision of concrete conclusion which summarized the case analysis. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1. About Atokowa Advantage 4 2.0 Analysis of Systems and Operations Management of Atokowa Organization 6 2.1. Input Output Model 6 2.2. The use of business process mapping model on Atakowa’s case 8 2.2.1. Use of process mapping model to analyze Atokowa’s case 9 2.3. Decision Making Hierarchy 10 2.3.1. Three levels of decision making 10 2.4. System levels 11 2.4.1. The role of systems to support business processes 12 2.5. Applying Pareto Analysis 12 2.6. Application of soft system methodology 13 2.6.1. CATWOE analysis 13 2.6.2. Current issues in Atokowa 14 3.0. Systems and Operations Management Recommendations 15 3.1. How the organization can improve quality management 15 3.2. Improving the quality management skills of our employees 16 3.2.1 Other important recommendations 16 3.3. The people and management issues which may arise during the implementation of business improvements and quality managements in Atokowa organization 17 3.3.1. How these issues should be managed 17 4.0. Conclusion 18 5.0. References 19 1.0 Introduction According to research, operation management is defined as activities surrounding the management of resources in an organization. Resources in a manufacturing environment are devoted in ensuring efficient production and delivery of goods and services to the market. Information systems on the other hands refers to a layout of interrelated components which are responsible for retrieval, processing, storage and distribution of information which are vital for decision making and control of activities in an organization (Ram, 2005). This study will focus on Atokowa advantage by looking at systems and operation management practices are handled in the organization. The question which should be asked is what are the systems and operations management practices in the company? What are the strengths and weaknesses of these systems and operations practices? And what are the possible recommendations which should be implemented to improve on the systems and operations management practices? Based on this brief introduction, the report will analyze these system and practices by us e of appropriate models so that critical analysis can be provided to give insight on the way systems and operations activities are managed in Atokowa. By applying these models, the main business requirements will be examined thus understanding the way the company operates. The report will explain the possible quality management improvements strategy which may be implemented in the company. It will conclude by providing